Carburetor



June 16, 7925.

. E. E. RICHARDSON CARBURETOR Filed Feb. 9, 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet l NVENTOR EDwARDIf-HARDSo/v im i ATTORNEYS June 16,."1925. 1,542,415 E. E. RICHARDSON L CARBURETOR.

Filed Feb. 9, 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 EDWARD E.R\CHARDSN lu vento:

' June 16, 1925. 1,542,415

E. E. RICHARDSON CARBURETOR Filed Feb. 9, 1921 5 sheefssheet 5 o u lL.

INVENTOR Ewmmnmn .SON

H. ATTORNEYS.

Patented June 16,l 1925,

- UNITED PATENT oFFfic-E..j f A* EDWARD E: RICHARDSON, oF nnYniA, oiiro, Assienon To 'rmi 3.a s. NoN-Dennison*- 7 'iNG VALVE COMPANY, 0F-ELYR1A, oH1o,fA coRroRArioNfoF omo.v Y

- cAaisnnnroRfr Application Vfiled. February To all' whom it may concern."

Beit knownthat L EDWARDE. RICHARD- soN,f a.,citize1i of the` United States,V and l a resider.` of Elyria, county of Lorain, and State `Vof. Ohio; vhave vinvented certain new and .iiseful Improvements in Carbui'etors; f

and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clearand exact'- description of the i same, such as Will enableothers skilled in the .artto which my inventionappertains t makeand ,use tlie same. Y f

Thisinvention ,relates tok1 c arburetors, and particularly ca rburetors such as are employed in connection v withinternalcomjbifistion enginesoperated by fuel supplied to the carburetor inthe lforlnof ay liquid, such as gasoline, and which must be thoroughly mixed Withair prior to its admissioninto the engine cylinders f`- L; f

Itis an object of thisinvention to conj strnctsuch a carburetor having a connecting throat onpassageway between the needle valveiopeni'ng and the intake manifold, comprising in parta high velocitymixing space for mixing the atomized, particles of liquid fue] and air, which iestricted passageway p leads to a variable Yenturi throttle-valve,

which is adapted to be',manuallyoperated,A or operated by.suitablemechanical mecha-k' nism, soas to control the amount-of the fuel inixturesto the internal combustion engine.

It; isa further object ofvmy invention to provide v a carburetorwhich Willbe adapted for ready starting underunfavorablecondi-` I tions, such as in coldnweather and 'which will enable the enginespeed to be rapidly accelerated.

It is also`- an object of my invention to provide a carburetor Ahavinga` minimum number of operating parts which are posi.-

tively operated, andA Whicliare without deli-l cate and uncertain adjustments. Y n

It is also an objectof'this invention to construct an improved type of carburetor embodying a number-of features contributing towardy efficient `carburetion under all conditions ofload upon they engine with s are Y imposed ture when ac0e1erat0n' 10a upon the engine.

9, 1 921. serial ivo. 443,526.

` invention litself will lie-made apparent by reference to .the following descriptimi, and

in which kdescription"reference Will be had Referring to the 'draivings lustrating preferred forin of'my invention.

i vburetor Vembedying vthe principles 4of my inj vention.

Fig. 2 is" an endl elevation ofthe carf buretor illustrated in- Fig'. l, With vthe additionof ahot Vair jacket.

lbure'tor of my invention.

Figy'shoivs a vertical section taken on thev line of Fig. "3, the h`o1t air jacket beiiigalsfo shown in thisffigure.A Y

y Fig. l'isfa verticalcross-sectional view taken ontlie, line of Fig. 3, looking in the direction of the indicating arrows shown inFig. 8, With the casing removedand with the throttle valve shutters illustrated in closed position. f

Fig. `G shows iawsimilar section to that lshoivnin Fig. 5',`eXceptlth'at thethrottle valve shuttersa're shown vin Wide open position.

first intermediate operative position.

theshutt'ers lbeing shoivn iii af Asecond intermediate position.

4 Fig. 7'is section similar to tliat'ofFig. i" except that'the shutters areillustratedina Fig. 8 isa similar view "to 4 that of Fig.V 5, I

Fig. 9 is a similar view-'to that of Fig. l

the. agnes', in siiv f the float member 2 (Figi 4.)., resting onY the Y surface of the fuel contained in the chamber Atrol thefadmission offuel atthe valveiS, by

controln the Avliftilngiof 'the valvev needle 45 to 1, and vhich fioat member isadapted to con-YV meansof the lever membersfi', Whose endsy vrest Vupon the float member 2,'and ,Whichw n 65 FigfB shows a top plan 'viei'v'ofi theJ cari' mined level. An external controlling lever 6 is provided for lifting the needle 5 to flood7 i thei carburetor Whenever' this V`is desired; "L

Leading from the float chamber to the mixingohamber 7 is a passageway ofveryV restricted horizontal cross-sectionA for the flow of liquid fuel to the said mixing chamber, a valve needle 9 being provided to reguJ late the area of the annular orifice 10 which forms the outlet end of tliepassageway,saidf'i oriicel() and said needle Q constituting the outlet "needlevaly Theffpassageway' S is' containedin'a 1liollo scieivlpliig 9a, which is tlireafdedfinto the 7carburetor casingnf'all f 11 and `nafde^4 ieinvableftherefrom, so that it may? befwithdraivnf through thev opening 12, provided "in the fsaid casifng; andi Whi'oth `opening is adapted' t0` be; normally lclosed by lthe insertion therein of a' threaded plugf, the"`loiver l po'rtii1'ofv which, 'in Figs. 1,l 2 and ,4, isvshown as being broken away.

I: provide" a plurality of mixing" chamber ,po'rti`ons,x one beingtli'e 'miningl chamber7, and another being thepriinary mixingchami berl 14,Whi'oh `is^"annular` in shape', Yand 'disposed around the end*y 'of :tlie valve needle 9,A the Chamber 14"bei11`g' falso lcon'siderablyl "restricted in' liriZontal`forss-sgeetional area;l

` and` said,annularJl lchafn'iber '14', 'connnunieat ing Y Withfa, high velocityj mi'zti'ire"channel 15, which jleads 'into ythe seeondarymixing" chant" ber'7 `,I tlie"el'ia"1zngbei""7 "bein'g'infact a con#4 sta'i'itlyenlarged in transverse 'cross-section..

The ycarburetor shown in Fi'gg4fis showir in the nrmll 'Conditionjof rest Whiehit will.

assume' when the' 'K engine" 's inoperative Eand `liqui'dfful)contlaiiiedtinthe Chambers' 7, 14

andin'` the'initeiir of tthe needle9' VWillbe rapidly drawn to the engine"Cylinders` through `the enginel 'manif/old"2 passages 17, and upardsfbetiveen tlie lviali*e'shiitters' 18. u 'ljhereafter, astlie engine 'contirfnes ite op# eraterliquid fuel \vil1""be` 'dra'ivn byfthe va'euumf'eieatfed tby the' engine through the annular orifice 10 into the` annular passagel Way. 14', beingfatoinied in thepi'oces's"and atA the same iti'ine' air'v ,will` pass through the entei'nat'op'eiiiirg 519 "of Vthe/l needle :9' and." tliifo 'the bore" 1G 'of the needle', andV l g' into the amiiilzii" passageway 4 14 i ou'gh' a" plurality-of Yopenings v42O loc'ate'd" in fthe lower"portion ofthe enlargedy part i offthelvalveineedle`9, the air passing* through sinall` openings 2O',i will attain `a atinized"partiels ef `liquid"fuelu emerging-'i from the annular orifice 10 of the needle valve, each particle of fuel being thus broken up by the inrushing air streams, thus producing "nearlyf `homogenecms 'mixture of `fue`l particles and air, soA that tlie mixture will emerge into the mixing chamber 7 as a fog of verylinely dividedfuel floating in air and traveling ata'very high yeloeil'y.

I lind vthat by the'ip'artic'u'lai" a1`"1"angcment of'passageways herein disclosed, having iestricted portions as illustrated and described, I' attaiir'a Vhigh' degree of division of the finely divided particles of fuel, which 'is very desirable. It'will beA notedalso that the 'air' enteringi 'the valve needle' '9" by the opening'lf) iv'illbe pre-heated air 'led'to `the from a stove of the `ordinary type,l disposed in anyof the lWell' known 'Ways adjacent the' exhaust manifold of the eng1ne,' or`r other' Sil and the passageway 17 leading to theintake manifold of the engine Thus, the Wall f of the' passageiv ayi comprising' 'the portions 7,

17` and the intermediate 'valve portion will -bekept'warm and all ofthe 'air"a`dmitted to the' m'zitu're Will be pre-heated? Figs'. 1, 3, 5, 6, 7,18 and@ yshow"thefcarburetorivith 'the casing 22 re1noved,"for the sake of clearness of disclosure.z A

I prefer, particularly with the' present-'day lont'grade fuelsyto. pre-heat all'of the air entering into T'the c'arbui vided'a struetur'e 'ijvhere'in this Can' be accomA plished ina simple" \yay,`butmy invention in its rbreeder'as'p'efetsiscapable'of considera bley utiliti7 Without" such' pre-heatinga thir'andl have pro- Tlieffthrottling valve illustrated in the dr lri'vi'ngs- 'y of the preferred e'ml'iodin'ient of my l invention 'is 'of spe'eial"eonstruction, 'comprising a VVpair of `vslnittermembei's'l and 18a',` the 'saidf'shutter 'mei'nfb'ersbeingpivotally ymounted Iatthg-)ir -mid portions in jouril ll) directly, 'and which operates:thesliiitter'18 by means of the meshing teeth 26 betive'en the' operating n'i'e'mb'elsof thetivoV shutters The lever with' its" lo'iver' t'ootlredf portion 27 comprises' the operating 'memberj 'for theshu'tter 1S,l andthe' toothed me'niber' 28 com-4 prises the operating*member for 'theH shuttei-1S. y

It'ivill be seen that \\'li'en"t'l`1elever meniber 25 vcauses the 'shutter 18a to vrotate in' one di rectio'nfsh'utter'1S will'beoperaled in 4a rever'sedireetion, thus` cau'sing'the' lower ends ofthe slynitt'erslS and 1Sa "to approach or recede'fr'om' eachother" providing a throttle which is secured at 30 and 31 in thel wall 23 of the passageway, the said rod member' 29 having an internally threaded head 32.

The shape of the rod member 29 is capable of considerable variation, according to the degree to which atomization is demanded for the carburetor, or it may be omitted altogether as shown in Fig. 10 for some purposes, such as for instance, when extremely rapid acceleration is required, beyond that which can be had when the rod member 29 is in place. The presence of the member 29, which is spaced slightly from the walls 33 and 34 of the mixing chamber 7, causes the fuel mixture to be still further broken up before it enters the passageway restriction.occasioned by the partial closure of the shutters 18 and 18, when these are in less than wide-open position. It will be noted that the shutter members 18 and 18 are adapted to perform the function of a venturi in thefpassageway leading from the chamber 7 to the upper passage 17, the degree of restriction presented to the mixture rushing therethrough being variable according to the degree of opening of the said shutter members.

Thus I have provided, in effect, a variable Venturi mechanism, the same operating without deflecting the mixture against the side walls of the passageway, where portions would condense, were this done. I find that by directing the mixture through the combination venturi and throttling valve mechanism of my invention a high ethciencyre sults, both as to acceleration and fuel consumption and engine performance.

Referring to Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, in particular, it will be noted that Fig. 5 shows the valve shutters in closed position, which may be that position wherein no gaseous mixture at all will pass from the carburetor to the engine, or the shutter ends may be so formed or spaced, from the member 29 that a certain amount of the mixture willv be passed through the'valve in order to permit idling of the engine at low speed.

Referring to Fig. 7, this figure shows the valve shutters 18 and 18a in opened condition, whereby the engine will be permitted to receive a sutlicient quantity of fuel to cause it to operate at a relatively high rate of speed. :In this position the amount of air admitted to the mixture through the interior of the valve needle member 9 is augmented by air streams flowing into the passageway between the shutters, said air streams iiowing from either sidel upwards between the lower curved ends of the shutters and the adjacent upper edges of th`e walls 33 and 34 of the mixing chamber 7. These air streams first envelop the mixture streams and then the mixture is diluted` as the combining streams mix in their upward path, this L`When the shutters are in the positionk shown in Fig. 8, still more air is admitted, as beforedescribed, from below the ends of the shutters.

Then the shutters are in the positioir shown in Fig. 9, other air streams will enter the mixture through the serrations in the upper outer edges of the shutter, these additional air streams being augmented further, as in the case of the first admitted air streams, when the shutters are in more advanced or full open position, such as shown in Fig. 6. f

I vfind that this means of controlling the mixing of the fuel and air is very eicient in practice, and that the arrangement of parts hereinbefore described contributes to a very high etliciency of fuel combustion in the Vengine cylinders at varying engine speeds.

I-Iaving `thus described my invention, I wish it to be understood that the carburetor construction herein illustrated and described is but one of a number of constructions in which my invention may be embodied, I being aware that numerous and extensive departures may be made from the embodiment herein illustrated and described, but withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention.

What I claim is.:

In a carburetor, the combination with a mixing chamber, of a fuel jet at the apk proach end of the chamber, and a throttle valve intermediate the ends thereof, said chamber having a discharge portion of gradually enlarged cross section towards its discharge end, and an approach portion of gradually enlarged cross-section towards its discharge end, a pair of movable valve plates constituting opposite walls of said chamber, spaced parallel trunnions carried in the intermediate walls thereof, supporting the plates at their mid portions and rotatable rto cause adjacent ends of each of said plates on the approach side of the valve to meet to practically'obstruct the passage through the chamber, or to move outwardly to variably open the passage therethrough, said approach portion terminating in a narrow outlet presented to the meeting ends of said rotatable valve plates but spaced therefrom,

said chamber discharge portion. presenting itsrlnlet end to the other ends of said plates,

but spaced therefrom, whereby air is sup-4 plied to the fuel mixture in the chamber around the ends of the plates.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto' signed my name this 31st day of January,

EDWARD E. RICHARDSON. 

